Ben Nadel © 2008.
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In the last part of this series, we looked at how to list and read the files of a zip archive using ColdFusion 8's new CFZip and CFZipParam tags. Those techniques alone could be used to fully unzip an archive, but certainly, it wouldn't be the best choice. Luckily, ColdFusion 8's CFZip tag provides us with the Unzip action which can unzip an entire archive, or subsections of an archive, with the greatest of ease.
As always, before we can start exploring the unzipping of an archive in ColdFusion 8, we have to create a zip archive to work with. We are going to zip the following directory structure:
./data/documents/manual.txt
./data/documents/readme.txt
./data/images/funny.jpg
./data/images/mud_monster.jpg
./data/images/red_face.jpg
./data/images/smile.jpg
To create the zip, we are going to use the simple ColdFusion 8 CFZip tag:
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This will put all contents of the data directory into the root of our zip archive (the documents and images directory). Now that have a zip, the easiest thing we can do is reverse the process by unzipping the entire archive using the unzip action:
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Here, we are using the two required attributes that go with the Unzip action. The File attribute is the absolute path to the zip archive we are going to unzip. The Destination attribute is the absolute path to the directory into which we are going to unzip the archive contents. This directory must exist before you try to reference it; if you try to unzip the archive into a non-existent directory, ColdFusion 8 will throw the following error:
The destination G:\....\cf8\zip\unzipped specified in the cfzip tag is invalid. The destination must be a directory and should be accessible by this tag.
By default, ColdFusion 8 will unzip the entire archive, keeping the archive directory structure (entry path structure) as is, and will not overwrite files that already exist in the destination directory. But, by using some of the optional attributes of the CFZip tag, we can change the way things happen.
The StorePath attribute, which defaults to True, is what determines whether or not we keep the entry path structure. If directory structure is not important to us and we want to unzip all the entries directly into the root of the destination folder, all we need to do is set StorePath to false. Running this code:
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... will leave us with an unzipped_flat directory that looks like this:
./funny.jpg
./manual.txt
./mud_monster.jpg
./readme.txt
./red_face.jpg
./smile.jpg
When we flatten a zip archive, as we just did above, one of the things we have to be careful of is possible naming conflicts that might be caused by like-named files at different entry paths being merged into the destination root. For example, if we added this text file entry:
./images/readme.txt
... with the content:
This is the IMAGES readme file.
... to the data archive, when flattened, the readme.txt file in the documents folder would be conflict with the readme.txt we just added to the images folder. By default, ColdFusion 8 will not overwrite any existing files in the destination directory, and as such, the documents readme.txt file will be the only readme.txt file that gets unzipped. Since unzipping happens in a depth-first fashion, the images readme.txt file will be examined only after the documents readme.txt file, and since there is already a readme.txt in the root of the destination, it will not be unzipped. ColdFusion 8 will not throw an error over this, it will simply skip the current archive entry.
By setting the Overwrite attribute to True, we can get ColdFusion to overwrite any files that already exist. Therefore, running this code:
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... the images readme.txt will still be unzipped after the documents readme.txt, but this time, the images readme.txt file will overwrite the one from the documents entry path.
Using the Recurse attribute, which defaults to True, we can get CFZip to only extract a single directory. Running this code:
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... will unzip the only the root of the zip archive into the directory, unzipped_root. However, since there are no files in the root of our archive (only our two directories - documents and images), our unzipped_root directory remains empty.
If we don't want to recurse, but we also don't want to unzip the root of the archive, we can use the optional EntryPath attribute to get at a subdirectory of the archive. If we wanted to unzip just the images folder, we run this code:
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This would leave us with an unzipped_images directory that looks like this (we are no longer dealing with the readme.txt in the images directory):
./funny.jpg
./mud_monster.jpg
./red_face.jpg
./smile.jpg
Now, there's actually a bunch of things happening synergistically in the code that we just ran. We turned off directory recursion so that if images had a subdirectory, it would be ignored. We then told CFZip not to store the entry paths. This is make sure we don't end up with an "images" directory inside of our unzipped_images destination directory. By default, since the images are inside of an images archive folder, CFZip wants to create that images folder into which it will unzip the image entries. Then, finally, to make sure we are just unzipping the images archive folder, we use the optional EntryPath attribute to point the action at the images folder.
The EntryPath attribute acts a bit different than it did when we examined it in the context of Reading archive entries. When reading an archive entry , you cannot use the "./" and "/" leading path constructs or ColdFusion 8 will throw an error. When it comes to unzipping an archive, you still cannot use the "./" or "/" leading path constructs. Additionally, you cannot even use the trailing "/" characters. The following EntryPath values are all invalid:
/images/
./images/
images/
The difference, when unzipping an archive, is that ColdFusion 8 will not throw any errors. The above paths will simply not work. In order to properly define a target directory, you must exclude both leading and trailing path slash constructs.
Now, we could have accomplished the same thing by using the optional Filter attribute. As we have covered in almost every other part of this series, the filter attribute uses file masks to limit the files that are included in the CFZip action. To reach the same outcome as above, we could have unzipped files of type JPG into the root of our destination folder:
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Up till now, we have been unzipping directories of files, but the EntryPath attribute can point to a single file as well. In the following code, we are going to unzip just the mud_monster.jpg image into the destination directory:
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Since we don't care about the images folder itself, we just care about the mud_monster.jpg, we are not storing the entry path structure. This will ensure that mud_monster.jpg goes into the root of our destination directory and not into an images folder within the root.
As with all the CFZip actions, unzipping an archive can be done using the CFZip tag in conjunction with one or more nested CFZipParam tags. As a simple example, we can mimic the unzipped images directory by moving the EntryPath, Recurse, and Filter attributes from the CFZip tag down into a CFZipParam tag:
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Now, when you move attributes down into the CFZipParam tag, it doesn't always have to be one or the other. While the EntryPath and Filter attributes cannot be defined in both the CFZip and CFZipParam tags, the recurse attribute can be defined in the CFZip tag and then overwritten in the CFZipParam tags.
Furthermore, we don't just have to have one CFZipParam tag. We can use multiple CFZipParam tags to define highly dynamic unzipping algorithms. While not complicated in scope, we could mimic our first example (of unzipping the entire zip archive) but using two CFZipParam tags - one for the documents directory and one for the images directory:
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And, of course, as with the CFZip tag, the EntryPath does not need to point to a directory; it can point to either a directory of a specific file.
ColdFusion 8 is just making all this stuff too easy. I would sum up how cool CFZip / CFZipParam tags are, but come on, it's the end of Part IV - if you don't get it yet, no summary is gonna do anything :)
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