Ask Ben: Changing The Root Node In A ColdFusion XML Document

Posted April 21, 2009 at 9:20 AM

Tags: ColdFusion, Ask Ben

I just had a quick regex. I need to replace the first and last xml nodes in an xml string. Basically was doing a quick and dirty way to change the root node of an xml document instead of creating a new root node and copying recursively all the data from one xml object to the new xml object. I can do a simple find "xxx" and replace it with "yyy" but xxx may be part of a child node somewhere like xxxBen or something. so i really want to pinpoint the start and end tags of the string, and also deal with the declaration, and leave all attributes in the root node (if they exist) intact. When you get a minute, do you mind helping?

I know you want to see the string-parsing method, rather than the new root node creation, but I will show you both methodologies as I think that they are both nice to know about. The major difference with the two is that the latter (new root node creation) requires you to parse the XML string into an actual ColdFusion XML document whereas the former only requires that you parse the string with a regular expression.

So first, let's start out be creating our XML data string and storing it in a ColdFusion content buffer:

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You'll notice that the element node, "list," appears several times in the document - the root node and a nested node. I have done this to make sure that neither of these techniques replaces the nested node incorrectly.

OK, so now let's replace the root node, "list," with the new root node, "masterlist." With our first approach, we are going to use Regular Expressions to replace the first open tag and last close tag of the xml document string:

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To keep the node attributes intact in our first REReplace(), we are only replacing the open bracket and node name of the first element (ie. <list becomes <masterlist); in doing so, we are only changing the node name and nothing else. Then, in our second replace, we replace the last close node of the document. Here, we actually have to replace the entire node as we need to use the $ to signify the end of the string data (in the regular expression). However, by using captured groups in our regular expression, we can replace everything other than the node name without having to know much about it.

When we replace the node and CFDump out the resulting XML document, we get the following:

As you can see, the root node, "list," has been replaced with, "masterlist," and the XML attributes have been kept intact.

Ok, now that you see how to do this with regular expressions, let's take a look at actually changing the structure of an existing XML document. Well, sort of - before we have an actual XML document, we are going to wrap the existing XML string in a our new root node, "masterlist." Then, we're going to parse it into an XML document and transfer the original child nodes and XML attribute data into the new root node. Once this is done, we're simply going to delete the old root node.

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There's a few points to take away from the above code. For starters, we are using the undocumented AddAll() method to append an entire array to another array. If you are uncomfortable doing this, I would recommend just making a UDF called ArrayAppendAll() and wrapping the .AddAll() method call in that (in case the feature ever becomes unavailable in future versions of ColdFusion). Second, when we transfer the XML children to the new root node, these nodes get transferred by value, not by reference. This means that if you have any existing variable references to the original child nodes, those references will not point to the transported XML children.

That said, this method results in the exact same XML document as the regular expression replace method. The first is going to be more efficient as it's only string parsing. The latter has string parsing (into XML) and XML document manipulation - a lot more going on. But, I thought it could be beneficial to see both techniques in order to make the most informed decision.

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Reader Comments

Ben,

Without running this, to me it looks like the first method will keep the "id" attributes with a value of "my-to-do-list" in-tact for the root node. But, it looks like since that attributes is not in the new root node that your are adding in the second that it will be wiped out.

Is that the case? or am I miss-understanding what will happen when you add all the children?

@Chris,

The StructAppend() in the second version takes care of the attributes. So yes, I do have to do a bit more finagling to get the attributes to copy.

Hi Ben

This would be so easy with XSLT!

Here you go (put this after your XML cfsavecontent):

<cfsavecontent variable="xsl">
<xsl:transform version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform">
<xsl:template match="@*|node()">
<xsl:element name="masterlist">
<xsl:attribute name="id">
<xsl:value-of select="//@id" />
</xsl:attribute>
<xsl:copy-of select="child::*" />
</xsl:element>
</xsl:template>
</xsl:transform>
</cfsavecontent>
<cfcontent variable="#ToBinary(ToBase64(XMLTransform(strXmlData,xsl)))#" type="text/xml" />

Cheers
Matthew

@Matthew
I see you match all the attributes, but then add an ID attribute. How do you add the attributes if you dont know what the attributes are? It may or may not be an ID attribute. Is this easy to do as well in XSLT?

@Matthew (1),

Ahhh, I always forget about XSLT. I've used it a bunch of times but for some reason it never pops into my head as an answer. Thanks a lot for the reminder!

@Matthew (2),

You can copy all attributes using XSLT - you don't have to specify the given attribute. I leaned this when testing XSLT on XHTML:

http://www.bennadel.com/index.cfm?dax=blog:1455.view

I'll try to put this example in place as I need to keep hammering it into my mind!! :)

@Matthew 1,

Thanks for the XSLT tip.

@Matthew Abbott,

I posted an example that copies the root node with new name and dynamic attributes. Mostly, I just wanted to practice my XSLT - it gets so rusty so fast:

http://www.bennadel.com/index.cfm?dax=blog:1573.view

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