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Ben Nadel at cf.Objective() 2010 (Minneapolis, MN) with: Ed Bartram and Anne Porosoff

Ben Nadel at cf.Objective() 2010 (Minneapolis, MN) with: ( photo link )

Ed Bartram
Website | @edbartram
Anne Porosoff
Website | @AnnePorosoff

I am the chief software engineer at Epicenter Consulting, a boutique software company in New York City that specializes in developing high-end, customized business solutions using ColdFusion and jQuery. ( more )

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Parsing CSV Data Using ColdFusion

Posted January 22, 2007 at 4:03 PM by Ben Nadel

Tags: ColdFusion

As part of my exploration of writing, reading, and creating Microsoft Excel documents using ColdFusion, I have come across the need to parse comma-separated-value (CSV) data files. While this seems at first like a relatively simple task, I soon found out that it was ANYTHING but simple. It's one thing to worry about lists (for which ColdFusion is the bomb-diggity), but it's an entirely other thing to worry about lists that have field qualifiers, escaped qualifiers, escaped qualifiers that might be empty fields, and non-qualified field values all rolled into one.

I tried looking it up in Google but could not find any satisfactory algorithms (translates to: code that I could understand). Everything on CSV seems to be in Java and none the stuff on CFLib.org seems to comply with the range of CSV values (especially qualified fields). So, in typical blood-and-guts fashion, I sat down and tried to write my own algorithm. This proved to be easy at first until I found out that my approach was highly flawed. I went through about three different implementations over the weekend of the algorithm before I came up with something that seemed to work satisfactorially.

It has to evaluate each character at a time, which probably won't scale or perform nicely. I would have liked to harness the power of CFHttp to convert CSV files to queries, but I could not get CFHttp to work on the LOCAL file system (ie. a URL that begins with "file:"). If anyone knows of great way to do this, please let me know. I suppose that I could written a temporary file to a public folder and then performed a CFHttp to it, then deleted it, but that just felt a bit "hacky." However, in the end that might just prove to be the way to go.

So anyway, this is what I have come up with. It is a function that takes either a chunk of CSV data or a file path to a CSV data file (text file) and converts it to an array of arrays. It assumes that each record is separated by a return character followed optionally by a new line. Not sure if that is cross system compliant, but heck, this is my first attempt:

<cffunction
name="CSVToArray"
access="public"
returntype="array"
output="false"
hint="Takes a delimited text data file or chunk of delimited data and converts it to an array of arrays.">
<cfargument
name="CSVData"
type="string"
required="false"
default=""
hint="This is the raw CSV data. This can be used if instead of a file path."
/>
<cfargument
name="CSVFilePath"
type="string"
required="false"
default=""
hint="This is the file path to a CSV data file. This can be used instead of a text data blob."
/>
<cfargument
name="Delimiter"
type="string"
required="false"
default=","
hint="The character that separate fields in the CSV."
/>
<cfargument
name="Qualifier"
type="string"
required="false"
default=""""
hint="The field qualifier used in conjunction with fields that have delimiters (not used as delimiters ex: 1,344,343.00 where [,] is the delimiter)."
/>
<cfset var LOCAL = StructNew() />
<!---
Check to see if we are dealing with a file. If we are,
then we will use the data from the file to overwrite
any csv data blob that was passed in.
--->
<cfif (
Len( ARGUMENTS.CSVFilePath ) AND
FileExists( ARGUMENTS.CSVFilePath )
)>
<!---
Read the data file directly into the arguments scope
where it can override the blod data.
--->
<cffile
action="READ"
file="#ARGUMENTS.CSVFilePath#"
variable="ARGUMENTS.CSVData"
/>
</cfif>
<!---
ASSERT: At this point, whether we got the CSV data
passed in as a data blob or we read it in from a
file on the server, we now have our raw CSV data in
the ARGUMENTS.CSVData variable.
--->
<!---
Make sure that we only have a one character delimiter.
I am not going traditional ColdFusion style here and
allowing multiple delimiters. I am trying to keep
it simple.
--->
<cfif NOT Len( ARGUMENTS.Delimiter )>
<!---
Since no delimiter was passed it, use thd default
delimiter which is the comma.
--->
<cfset ARGUMENTS.Delimiter = "," />
<cfelseif (Len( ARGUMENTS.Delimiter ) GT 1)>
<!---
Since multicharacter delimiter was passed, just
grab the first character as the true delimiter.
--->
<cfset ARGUMENTS.Delimiter = Left(
ARGUMENTS.Delimiter,
1
) />
</cfif>
<!---
Make sure that we only have a one character qualifier.
I am not going traditional ColdFusion style here and
allowing multiple qualifiers. I am trying to keep
it simple.
--->
<cfif NOT Len( ARGUMENTS.Qualifier )>
<!---
Since no qualifier was passed it, use thd default
qualifier which is the quote.
--->
<cfset ARGUMENTS.Qualifier = """" />
<cfelseif (Len( ARGUMENTS.Qualifier ) GT 1)>
<!---
Since multicharacter qualifier was passed, just
grab the first character as the true qualifier.
--->
<cfset ARGUMENTS.Qualifier = Left(
ARGUMENTS.Qualifier,
1
) />
</cfif>
<cfset LOCAL.Rows = ArrayNew( 1 ) />
<!---
Split the CSV data into rows of raw data. We are going
to assume that each row is delimited by a return and
/ or a new line character.
--->
<cfset LOCAL.RawRows = ARGUMENTS.CSVData.Split(
"\r\n?"
) />
<cfloop
index="LOCAL.RowIndex"
from="1"
to="#ArrayLen( LOCAL.RawRows )#"
step="1">
<cfset ArrayAppend( LOCAL.Rows, ArrayNew( 1 ) ) />
<cfset LOCAL.RowData = LOCAL.RawRows[ LOCAL.RowIndex ] />
<!---
Replace out the double qualifiers. Two qualifiers in
a row acts as a qualifier literal (OR an empty
field). Replace these with a single character to
make them easier to deal with. This is risky, but I
figure that Chr( 1000 ) is something that no one
is going to use (or is it????).
--->
<cfset LOCAL.RowData = LOCAL.RowData.ReplaceAll(
"[\#ARGUMENTS.Qualifier#]{2}",
Chr( 1000 )
) />
<cfset LOCAL.Value = CreateObject(
"java",
"java.lang.StringBuffer"
).Init()
/>
<!---
Set an initial flag to determine if we are in the
middle of building a value that is contained within
quotes. This will alter the way we handle
delimiters - as delimiters or just character
literals.
--->
<cfset LOCAL.IsInField = false />
<cfloop
index="LOCAL.CharIndex"
from="1"
to="#LOCAL.RowData.Length()#"
step="1">
<!---
Get the current character. Remember, since Java
is zero-based, we have to subtract one from out
index when getting the character at a
given position.
--->
<cfset LOCAL.ThisChar = LOCAL.RowData.CharAt(
JavaCast( "int", (LOCAL.CharIndex - 1))
) />
<!---
Check to see what character we are dealing with.
We are interested in special characters. If we
are not dealing with special characters, then we
just want to add the char data to the ongoing
value buffer.
--->
<cfif (LOCAL.ThisChar EQ ARGUMENTS.Delimiter)>
<!---
Check to see if we are in the middle of
building a value. If we are, then this is a
character literal, not an actual delimiter.
If we are NOT buildling a value, then this
denotes the end of a value.
--->
<cfif LOCAL.IsInField>
<cfset LOCAL.Value.Append(
LOCAL.ThisChar.ToString()
) />
<!---
Check to see if we are dealing with an
empty field. We will know this if the value
in the field is equal to our "escaped"
double field qualifier (see above).
--->
<cfelseif (
(LOCAL.Value.Length() EQ 1) AND
(LOCAL.Value.ToString() EQ Chr( 1000 ))
)>
<!---
We are dealing with an empty field so
just append an empty string directly to
this row data.
--->
<cfset ArrayAppend(
LOCAL.Rows[ LOCAL.RowIndex ],
""
) />
<!---
Start new value buffer for the next
row value.
--->
<cfset LOCAL.Value = CreateObject(
"java",
"java.lang.StringBuffer"
).Init()
/>
<cfelse>
<!---
Since we are not in the middle of
building a value, we have reached the
end of the field. Add the current value
to row array and start a new value.
Be careful that when we add the new
value, we replace out any "escaped"
qualifiers with an actual qualifier
character.
--->
<cfset ArrayAppend(
LOCAL.Rows[ LOCAL.RowIndex ],
LOCAL.Value.ToString().ReplaceAll(
"#Chr( 1000 )#{1}",
ARGUMENTS.Qualifier
)
) />
<!---
Start new value buffer for the next
row value.
--->
<cfset LOCAL.Value = CreateObject(
"java",
"java.lang.StringBuffer"
).Init()
/>
</cfif>
<!---
Check to see if we are dealing with a field
qualifier being used as a literal character.
We just have to be careful that this is NOT
an empty field (double qualifier).
--->
<cfelseif (LOCAL.ThisChar EQ ARGUMENTS.Qualifier)>
<!---
Toggle the field flag. This will signal that
future characters are part of a single value
despite and delimiters that might show up.
--->
<cfset LOCAL.IsInField = (NOT LOCAL.IsInField) />
<!---
We just have a non-special character. Add it
to the current value buffer.
--->
<cfelse>
<cfset LOCAL.Value.Append(
LOCAL.ThisChar.ToString()
) />
</cfif>
<!---
If we have no more characters left then we can't
ignore the current value. We need to add this
value to the row array.
--->
<cfif (LOCAL.CharIndex EQ LOCAL.RowData.Length())>
<!---
Check to see if the current value is equal
to the empty field. If so, then we just
want to add an empty string to the row.
--->
<cfif (
(LOCAL.Value.Length() EQ 1) AND
(LOCAL.Value.ToString() EQ Chr( 1000 ))
)>
<!---
We are dealing with an empty field.
Just add the empty string.
--->
<cfset ArrayAppend(
LOCAL.Rows[ LOCAL.RowIndex ],
""
) />
<cfelse>
<!---
Nothing special about the value. Just
add it to the row data.
--->
<cfset ArrayAppend(
LOCAL.Rows[ LOCAL.RowIndex ],
LOCAL.Value.ToString().ReplaceAll(
"#Chr( 1000 )#{1}",
ARGUMENTS.Qualifier
)
) />
</cfif>
</cfif>
</cfloop>
</cfloop>
<cfreturn( LOCAL.Rows ) />
</cffunction>

I have chosen to convert the CSV to an array of arrays as I was not sure that you could depend on the constant number of fields per row. Plus, I figure that going from an array to a query (after this step) would be rather easy. Plus, since Excel is not perfectly square cols vs. rows, I figure this was more in-line with where I want to go with it (including it in my ColdFusion POI Utility component).

If I create a variable containing this CSV data:

last name,first name,salary,dream salary,happiness
Jones,Mike,"$35,500.00","$73,000.00"
Hopkins,Paul,"$55,234.00","$250,000.00",3.0
Hawkings,Katie,,,
,
Smith,Betty,"$57,010.00","$60,000.00",10.0

... and pass it into the CSVToArray ColdFusion user defined function:

<cfset arrCSV = CSVToArray(
CSVData = strCSVData,
Delimiter = ",",
Qualifier = """"
) />
<cfdump var="#arrCSV#" label="CSV Data" />

I get this output:

As you can see, the CSVToArray() ColdFusion function handles mixed length records, empty field values, and qualified fields. It even handles escaped qualifiers (ex. "" becomes ") but this was not demonstrated. While this is not perfect, at least it provides me with a CSV conversion interface that I can use in my POI Utility ColdFusion component. Further down the road, I will be able to swap this out later for a better implementation.

Reader Comments

Sammy Larbi

Jan 22, 2007 at 7:45 PM // reply »

79 Comments

35 Points

Ben,

I haven't thought through this, so forgive me if it's a stupid question, but
did you consider using regular expressions? If so, what caused you to decide against using them?

Tony Petruzzi

Jan 22, 2007 at 11:26 PM // reply »

56 Comments

1 Points

@Ben,

When dealing with lists, use the GetToken() function. It won't ignore empty list elements. This will significantly speed up your function and replace the loop that you are doing. Also Sammy hit the nails on the head with using RegEx to strip out the text between the qualifiers.

Another trick you can use to speed things up is to use GetToken() to populate the empty the empty cells and then use ListToArray() for the conversion. It's alot quicker then creating a Java Object on each call.

Hopefully this helps you out some.

Ben Nadel

Jan 23, 2007 at 7:20 AM // reply »

11,241 Comments

75,368 Points

@Sammy,

I did think of regular expressions, 'cause they are cool, but I wasn't sure how to apply them. Plus I don't think my skills with them would be good enough to handle all the different options that come with CSV formatting. Take for example:

ben,was,here

That is three fields. But this:

"ben,was,here"

is one field. But this:

""ben,was,here""

is three fields; the first starts with a quote literal, and the last field ends with a quote literal. And then this:

""ben,"was,here"""

has two fields.... you get the point? It was just too much for me to wrap my head around. I am sure that regular expressions would rock somehow, I just can't figure it out.

Ben Nadel

Jan 23, 2007 at 7:28 AM // reply »

11,241 Comments

75,368 Points

Tony,

It's funny you mention that because my first attempt actually did use a Tokenizer. In my experience, though, it does skip empty fields:

<cfset Tokenizer = CreateObject(
"java",
"java.util.StringTokenizer"
).Init(
JavaCast( "string", "a,b,,,,c,d,e,f" ),
JavaCast( "string", "," )
) />

<cfloop condition="Tokenizer.HasMoreTokens()">
[#Tokenizer.NextToken()#]<br />
</cfloop>

... outputs:

[a]
[b]
[c]
[d]
[e]
[f]

... it skips right over the empty fields. However, in my current implementation I do add a leading space to all fields which then gets stripped out later.

I did learn some things in iteration three that I didn't know in iteration one, so I could probably go back and apply that to the String Tokenizer. In fact, maybe I will do that.

Huber

Feb 4, 2007 at 4:09 AM // reply »

1 Comments

1 Points

Comma seperated is a good idea with cold fusion becoz it is gonna remove some of difficult queries and the irregularities. while is is easy to retrieve the information at the client end.

It is being used in www.compglobe.com where you are entitled to compose your comment and the comment will be transfered to the CSV file at the server level.
www.compglobe.com is also using CSV format to upload the phone no.s if you want to send information to the handset of the recipent to whom you want to delivered the material. www.compglobe.com has various things like message composer and an online radio too.

Steven Klotz

Apr 12, 2007 at 2:34 PM // reply »

2 Comments

10 Points

Doing something similar, i just grabbed http://opencsv.sourceforge.net/ and then did this:

<cfparam name="filename">
<cfscript>
fileReader = createobject("java","java.io.FileReader");
fileReader.init(filename);

csvReader = createObject("java","au.com.bytecode.opencsv.CSVReader");
csvReader.init(fileReader);
</cfscript>
<cfdump var="#csvReader.readAll()#">

Java and ColdFusion play SO nice together *smile*

J. Prime

May 11, 2007 at 12:28 PM // reply »

1 Comments

1 Points

Thanks for the code. This was very helpful since I'm just learning CF. I now from other experiences that parsing CSV files can be a real pain to get it to work right.

Craig McDonald

Jul 12, 2007 at 6:30 PM // reply »

2 Comments

1 Points

Thanks for the code and tutorial Ben - I was grappling with exactly the same issue relating to coverting CSV with encapsulating quotes and your post was a lifesaver!!

Ben Nadel

Jul 12, 2007 at 6:54 PM // reply »

11,241 Comments

75,368 Points

Always a pleasure to help out!

Tim

Jul 27, 2007 at 6:25 PM // reply »

10 Comments

1 Points

@Stephen:

Have you gotten this work with opencsv's CSVWriter?

Tim

JKS

Jan 22, 2008 at 5:21 PM // reply »

1 Comments

1 Points

This is similar perhaps to what I need to achieve.(I think)

My client has a list of products. (Product ID, Product Name, description) are the colum headers for the product table.

well, the description field data... is a CSV.

for example

the data in the description field is:

OD(+/-1.2mm), Wall Thickness = 5.0mm (+/- .4mm), Inside Diameter = 65.0mm, Approximate pieces per case = 4, Approximate weight per case = 32.34 lbs

But i need to take the data in that one field, and create more colums to display these attributes rather than this text blob.

Am I on the right track?

Ben Nadel

Jan 23, 2008 at 9:41 AM // reply »

11,241 Comments

75,368 Points

@JKS,

You can use CSV parsing to get those values; however, if those are the only values in the field, you can simply treat the data as if it were a comma-delimited list. Then, you can either split the list into an array with ListToArray(), or even use things like ListGetAt() and ListLen() to loop over the elements of the list and examine each individually.

Rob

Sep 29, 2008 at 7:54 PM // reply »

7 Comments

1 Points

Ben,

AWESOME JOB!!! I can't believe this was so difficult to find. You definitely saved HOURS of time and helped meet my deadline. This works great. People like you are what make the net an awesome place for research and learning. Thanks!!

Ben Nadel

Sep 29, 2008 at 7:57 PM // reply »

11,241 Comments

75,368 Points

@Rob,

Glad to help. Check out a more updated post on this type of thing:

http://www.bennadel.com/index.cfm?dax=blog:976.view

Dwayne

Dec 15, 2009 at 10:59 PM // reply »

2 Comments

21 Points

Hi Ben,

This is really great code that you are sharing. I am new to coldfusion coding.

I am not able to connect the dots between the array generated using this procedure and writing a query and or tying it into the POI Utility.

I imagine it is strait forward, but I am seeming not to be able to work it through.

Appreciate all your posts.

Ben Nadel

Jan 5, 2010 at 10:07 AM // reply »

11,241 Comments

75,368 Points

@Dwayne,

What exactly are you trying to accomplish?

Adrian

Jan 13, 2010 at 6:40 AM // reply »

3 Comments

32 Points

Thanks man! It works great, you saved my day!

Phil Duba

Jan 14, 2010 at 1:34 PM // reply »

7 Comments

22 Points

Great function Ben, saved me tons of work on a database upload!

Ben Nadel

Jan 16, 2010 at 4:41 PM // reply »

11,241 Comments

75,368 Points

@Phil, @Adrian,

Glad to help out fellas. If you like this, be sure to check out an updated version that uses regular expressions rather than character-based parsing.

http://www.bennadel.com/blog/991-CSVToArray-ColdFusion-UDF-For-Parsing-CSV-Data-Files.htm

It allows for more flexibility in the data in the CSV file.

Mike

Jun 4, 2010 at 8:18 PM // reply »

3 Comments

29 Points

hi ben. how would you go about creating a function that would read csv data no matter the order of columns - as long as the header fields are named to match my db fields.

i am using your wonderful code above and it works awesome! however, i need to adjust my array data each time i add columns (particularly if i rearrange the column order).

do i first read in the header row, and somehow do the matching there?

this may be extra for expert stuff!

Ben Nadel

Jun 7, 2010 at 9:55 AM // reply »

11,241 Comments

75,368 Points

@Mike,

I am typically not a fan of using header rows to do auto-name things (I don't usually trust clients to name things appropriately); but this seems to be something that people always are asking about. I will come up with something that makes this a bit easier to work with. I'll get back to you.

Brian

Jul 6, 2010 at 1:12 PM // reply »

2 Comments

22 Points

Ben,

Do you have any idea how to accommodate for a multilingual csv? Most (but not all) of the languages/characters pass through fine. It seems that Chinese and Russian are having the most trouble being interpreted. I'm guessing this is an issue with the charset, but I am not positive (nor am I sure as to how I would go about fixing this issue).

Thanks for all of the helpful postings!
Brian

Brian

Jul 6, 2010 at 1:50 PM // reply »

2 Comments

22 Points

^^Ben, I apologize about my above question. I realized that it was an error on MY end. I should have figured that :p Quick fix by manipulating cfcontent :)

Thanks for all of the helpful posts though!

Ben Nadel

Jul 18, 2010 at 12:44 PM // reply »

11,241 Comments

75,368 Points

@Brian,

No problem - I'm glad you got it figured out as I would have been stumped on what to suggest :P

Wayne Gregori

Jul 26, 2010 at 11:14 AM // reply »

1 Comments

9 Points

Ben,

THANK YOU! (I'm not yelling, just excited). I've been using Coldfusion longer than I like to think... I never received any training... I just read Ben Forte's book... and I was off. That said, if I hadn't found your code I would have been forced to hack together some nasty bit of code that would have caused me more trouble than good.

Question:

I need to import the data from the array into a database. I know that I can loop through a List but not an array.... any good suggestions how to easily import from an array?

Thanks,
Wayne

W Gregori

Jul 26, 2010 at 2:49 PM // reply »

1 Comments

11 Points

Ben,

I tried using your CSV Java based code on a file that used TABS to separate the data but it didn't reliably recognize the tab delimiter.

Do I need to change the pattern that you created to have it work properly?

Thanks,
Wayne

Ben Nadel

Jul 26, 2010 at 2:58 PM // reply »

11,241 Comments

75,368 Points

@Wayne,

A few comments back, I actually pointed to a newer version of the CSV parsing function. It uses Regular Expressions to the parsing which turns out to be much faster and more flexible:

http://www.bennadel.com/blog/991-CSVToArray-ColdFusion-UDF-For-Parsing-CSV-Data-Files.htm

As far as moving them into a database, the UDF returns an array or arrays. To loop over them, you can use an index loop; or, if you are using CF8+, you can use an array loop.

While not directly related, I do have a post that talks about moving XML into a database. This does use a good bit on Array looping to get the job done:

http://www.bennadel.com/blog/1636-How-To-Move-XML-Data-Into-A-Database-Using-ColdFusion.htm

I hope some of that helps!

Wayne Gregori

Apr 14, 2011 at 12:59 AM // reply »

1 Comments

9 Points

Ben,

I've been using your script for some time now but I'm still having trouble with any field that has a ". My file is delimited by TAB with no quotes. I have Qualifier set to "" (nothing) but the routine sees a " it ignores any more tabs in that record (concatenates all the rest of the fields for that one record into the field that had the " in it. Here are my parameters.

Any help would be much appreciated.

Thanks,
Wayne Gregori

Joe

Jun 15, 2011 at 9:41 AM // reply »

3 Comments

32 Points

If you want an example of uploading a csv (using Ben's csvtoarray) and then looping through each element within an array within an array, here it is:

<cffile
action = "UPLOAD"
filefield = "myFile"
destination = "#ExpandPath('myfolder/')#"
nameconflict = "overwrite"
result = "thefile">

<cfloop index="OuterLoop" from="1" to="#ArrayLen(Result)#">
<cfloop index="InnerLoop" from="1" to="#ArrayLen(Result[OuterLoop])#">
<cfoutput>
Result[#OuterLoop#][#InnerLoop#] is #Result[OuterLoop][InnerLoop]#<br>
</cfoutput>
</cfloop>
</cfloop>

</cfoutput>

Joe

Jun 15, 2011 at 9:41 AM // reply »

3 Comments

32 Points

If you want an example of uploading a csv (using Ben's csvtoarray) and then looping through each element within an array within an array, here it is:

</cfoutput>

Joe

Jun 15, 2011 at 9:41 AM // reply »

3 Comments

32 Points

If you want an example of uploading a csv (using Ben's csvtoarray) and then looping through each element within an array within an array, here it is:

</cfoutput>

Ratan

Aug 16, 2011 at 11:37 AM // reply »

1 Comments

10 Points

Too complicated solutions. Please post simple ones.

Andy U

Nov 2, 2011 at 4:02 PM // reply »

1 Comments

9 Points

I ran into an issue where there are line breaks in the middle of the qualified text. I thought there would be an easy way to ignore or remove those via regex before running this function but am struggling. Any ideals? Thanks!

Sarah

Mar 11, 2012 at 11:23 PM // reply »

1 Comments

11 Points

Just a thought -

<!---
Split the CSV data into rows of raw data. We are going
to assume that each row is delimited by a return and
/ or a new line character.
--->
<cfset LOCAL.RawRows = ARGUMENTS.CSVData.Split(
"\r\n?"
) />

Surely that should be "\r?\n", since Windows newlines look like \r\n and Unix like \n. This way the regexp would accept both \r\n and \n, as opposed to \r\n and \r like the previous code did.

Dina Kovar

Dec 21, 2012 at 11:31 AM // reply »

1 Comments

9 Points

Thank you Ben. You always have the solutions to my problems. Great function.
Dina

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Parsing CSV Data Using ColdFusion

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